Hello to the first blog in our "Design Patterns Exposed" series! In this series, we are going to go through each of the design patterns step by step, right from the beginning. Having a knowledge of how to code is not sufficient to be an excellent programmer. You must also know about design patterns. These are intelligent techniques to construct software so that it performs effectively now and in the days to come.

How do you do it?

You do it by studying and applying Design Principles and the Design Patterns derived from them. Now, let's dive into coding and start your path to being a better coder. In this article, we are going to study one of the most vital design patterns the Strategy Pattern.

What is the Strategy Pattern?

Here's the definition from a well-known book known as the 'Gang of Four':

The Strategy Pattern is applied to define a collection of various methods of performing an action, and you can select the appropriate one at runtime. Don't worry if that seems confusing  we'll define it in a much easier-to-understand way.

When do you use the Strategy Pattern?

You would apply the Strategy Pattern when you need to alter the way something operates during the running of the program — without modifying the entire program. To better illustrate the Strategy Pattern, let's consider another simple example.

Other Design Patterns

1. Singleton Pattern – Apply this when you need just one object of a type. Such as a school needing just one principal.

2. Observer Pattern – Utilize this when a single thing is modified and many others must be informed. Such as how students are informed when a teacher modifies the class timetable.

3. Factory Pattern – Utilize this when you need to generate various kinds of objects via a single general method. Such as when you order food from a menu, and the kitchen makes what you request.

4. decorator_pattern – Apply this when you need to add functionality to something without modifying it. Such as toppings to an ice cream without creating a new one from the beginning.

 What's Going On in This Code?

This is an Employee class in Java. Each employee has:

• A name (emp Name)

• A type (such as "Intern" or "Web Developer")

• A minimum salary

There is a function called getPay() which verifies what kind of employee it is and proceeds to add additional pay according to that kind:

• 10% more for Interns

• 20% more for Web Developers

• 12% more for Trainees

• 15% more for Web Designers

This is done through if-else statements.

Why This Is Not the Best Way

Picture a school where you need to check every student's name to find out what subject they enjoy, every time. That would be a lot of checking and tough to change if something comes up! With this code, if you wanted to include a new type of employee, you'd have to modify this method once again. That's not very clever or adaptable.

How the Strategy Pattern Can Help

The Strategy Pattern states:

1. Have a separate class for each employee type (such as InternPay, WebDeveloperPay, etc.).

2. Provide each class with its own pay calculation rule.

3. Insert the correct one into the Employee.

Why Do We Need to Use Strategy Pattern?

At times in a program, we need to alter the way some piece of code works based on the circumstances. If we go on using too much of if-else or switch statements, the code gets lengthy, untidy, and difficult to debug or expand.

The Strategy Pattern allows us to overcome this by:

1.Keeping Code Cleaner: Instead of numerous if-else blocks, every behavior (or rule) is coded in its own class.

2.Easy Changes: You can alter how something functions without modifying the main code. Just change to a different strategy class.

3. Enabling Code Flexibility: you can introduce new behaviors (such as new types of employees) without destroying code that already exists.

4. making Better Programs Easier to Build: Experienced programmers use patterns to develop apps that are simple to grasp, test, and maintain.

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Conclusion:

In this article, we have studied the Strategy Pattern — a clever technique to make our code flexible and simple to modify. Rather than having lots of if-else statements, we can define various classes for various actions and change them as required.

Using the Strategy Pattern:

• Our code is neater and simpler to understand

• We can alter the way things work without altering everything

• Adding new types or behavior later is easy

Just as one robot can alternate between walking, flying, and swimming — your program also alternates behavior easily using this pattern

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