SOLID Rules in Java Made Simple | iCert Global

There are certain useful rules to improve the code and make it more accessible in object-oriented programming (OOP). There are five significant rules that come together and are referred to as SOLID. Each of the rules has its own concept, but they also collaborate. If you apply one of the rules, you will usually apply the other one as well. In this article, we will discover the SOLID principles in Java.

History of SOLID Principles in Java

There was a man named Robert C. Martin who came up with five significant object-oriented programming rules. They are referred to as SOLID, based on the first letter of each rule When you utilize all the SOLID rules simultaneously, it assists you in developing software that is simpler to maintain and modify.

What Does S.O.L.I.D Mean?

SOLID are five significant rules in Java that assist in creating better programs. Each letter of the word SOLID represents one rule

• S – Single Responsibility Principle

• O – Open-Closed Principle

• L – Liskov Substitution Principle

• I – Interface Segregation Principle

• D – Dependency Inversion Principle

Why Do We Need This Principle?

When we adhere to the Single Responsibility Principle, it is easier to test the class. Because the class only does one thing, there are fewer test cases to cover.

Furthermore, with fewer things to do, the class doesn't have to interface with too many other classes. Fewer links and issues result.

It also assists in maintaining the code tidy and organized. Small classes with specific tasks are simpler to locate and comprehend.

Open-Closed Principle in Java

Robert C. Martin states that software must be open for extension but closed for modification. What that implies is that a class should be coded in such a manner that it performs its task correctly without having to be modified afterwards. Rather than modifying the class, we must be able to extend it with new features.

There are some means of extending a class:

• You can inherit from it and make a new class

• You can add methods to the existing class

• You can modify how certain things behave in the new class

• You can introduce new behavior without getting your hands dirty with the original class

Why Do We Need This Principle

This is a good rule because other times we receive classes from another library or another programmer. We do not want to alter their code, but we want to extend it with our features.

However, if we inherit from a class only too much, then it causes issues. So, to keep things safer, we can utilize something known as interfaces. Interfaces allow for creating a loose relationship between classes, and this makes the code easier to manage and modify.

Liskov Substitution Principle in Java

The Liskov Substitution Principle says that if a class works well, then its child classes should also work well in the same way without causing any problems.

In other words:

If you have a class, and you create a new class based on it (known as a subclass), then you must be able to use the new class wherever you used the old one, and all should remain correct.

Why Do We Need This Principle?

This rule helps us use inheritance the right way. It reminds us to be careful when saying one thing “is a type of” another.

For instance, we would assume a circle to be a type of ellipse, but that's not entirely accurate. An ellipse contains two foci and various axes, but a circle does not. So if we attempt to handle a circle like an ellipse in code, things may go awry.

This rule says that a child class must follow the rules of its parent class. That way, our programs remain safe, and everything runs as supposed to.

Interface Segregation Principle

Robert C. Martin states that a class must not be made to implement methods it does not require.

This implies that if a class is implementing an interface, it ought to have only the methods it really employs. It shouldn't be compelled to have additional methods that are useless to it.

Rather than having one large interface with a lot of methods, it is advisable to have multiple little interfaces that are designed for a particular task. This allows each class to simply utilize what it requires and nothing else.

Dependency Inversion Principle

Robert C. Martin states that code should not rely on details (specific things), but rather on ideas (abstractions).

This implies high-level components of a program (which make major decisions) shouldn't rely on low-level components (which perform minor tasks). Both should rely on a set of common rules or an interface.

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Conclusion:

The SOLID principles help programmers write better and cleaner code in Java. These five rules make it easier to build, understand, and update programs. Each rule focuses on doing one thing well and working nicely with others. Whether it’s keeping a class small, adding features without breaking old ones, or using only the parts you need—SOLID helps make coding simple and smart.

Why Spark is Awesome (in simple words):

• It works really fast

• It keeps data safe and organized

• It can grow and work with many computers

• It supports many languages like Python, Java, and Scala

• It helps people work with huge amounts of data easily

Using the Strategy Pattern:

• Our code is neater and simpler to understand

• We can alter the way things work without altering everything

• Adding new types or behavior later is easy

Just as one robot can alternate between walking, flying, and swimming — your program also alternates behavior easily using this pattern

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